Thomas karlauf is the author of the night of broken glass. Because of the glass that littered the streets from all the demolished windows. Kristallnachtthe night of broken glasswas a decisive stage in the systematic eradication of a people who traced their origins in germany to roman times and was a sinister forewarning of the holocaust. The night of broken glass edited by uta gerhardt and thomas. Members of the nazi party and their supporters destroyed close to 8,000 jewishowned business and homes. On november 9 to november 10, 1938, in an incident known as kristallnacht, nazis in germany torched synagogues, vandalized jewish. The nurmenburg laws are passed, barring jews from having german citizenship and marrying germans.
The night of broken glass a jewish refugees assassination of a german official in paris in 1938 sparked the german attack on jews known as kristallnacht wed 9. This pogrom has come to be called kristallnacht, night of broken glass. Kristallnacht united states holocaust memorial museum. See more ideas about holocaust, pogrom, nazi germany. The kristallnacht pogrom was an organized pogrom against jews in germany and austria that occurred on november 910, 1938. Igniting the nazi war against jews stephanie fitzgerald nonfiction series ages 10 to 12 compass point books, 2008, 9780756534899 the night that came to be called kristallnacht did not happen just out of the blue. How does the author of parallel journeys make distinctions between alfonss experience of kristallnacht and helens experience. Stephanie fitzgerald nonfiction series for ages 10 to 12 compass point books, 2008 isbn. Violent attacks on jews and judaism throughout the reich and in the recently annexed sudetenland began on november 8 and continued until november 11 in hannover and the free city of danzig, which had not then been incorporated into the reich. The real cause of kristallnacht was because the germans were upset that they lost world war i, and were. However, on the night of november 9, 1938, an unplanned and extremely violent action against the jews occurred. Kristallnacht is also known as the november pogrom, night of broken glass, and crystal night. Jun 11, 2012 kristallnacht, the night of broken glass, was supposedly a spontaneous outburst on the part of patriotic germans following the assassination of a german embassy official in paris by a 17 year old polish jew.
The morning after the pogroms 30,000 german jewish men were arrested for the crime of being jewish and sent to concentration camps, where hundreds of them perished. Kristallnacht is known as the night of broken glass due to the numerous synagogues and businesses torched down during pogroms by antisemitic nazis. The name refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left in the streets after these pogroms. Poland refused to take them, and in late october, 1938, germany forced the issue. Jewish newspaper publications were stopped kristallnacht. The night of the broken glass fitzgerald, stephanie. These days, november 9th and 10th, permanently affected the lives of jewish and nonjewish people. It uses historical photographs, eyewitness accounts, maps and primarysource documents to recount the horrors of the night almost 8,000 jewisho educational dealer. Yossi cohen, born in 1935 in mannheim, germany, talks about his fathers choir song book, which survived the kristallnacht pogrom. Richard j evans on eyewitness accounts of kristallnacht collected by an anti nazi hero. The significance of kristallnacht and the night of broken. His father, avrahamarthur kohn, was a hebrew teacher and served as the cantor at the klaus synagogue in mannheim. The pogroms events that violently demolish and wreak havoc upon took place on november 9 th and 10. The accepted english translation is the night of broken glass.
November 9th 1938 is widely seen as a violent turning point in nazi germanys assault on the jews. Between november 9 and 10, 1938, the pogrom now known as kristallnacht resulted in the destruction of over 7,500 jewish businesses, 1,000 synagogues, and any sense of. Jewish homes and businesses were easily singled out during the attack because they all were marked with the yellow star of david. The pogroms became known as kristallnacht, the night of broken glass, for the shattered glass from the store windows that littered the streets. Because of the glass that littered the streets from all the demolished windows, this event came to be known as kristallnacht, the night of broken glass.
Eyewitness accounts of kristallnacht, published by wiley. After kristallnacht, the nazi regime made jewish survival in germany impossible. The significance of kristallnacht and the holocaust bartleby. Of course the night of broken glass refers to kristallnacht, an event that many feel marked the beginning of the holocaust. Kristallnacht became known as the night of broken glass because the streets were littered with glass from all of the destroyed buildings. The morning after the pogroms 30,000 german jewish men were arrested for the crime of being jewish and sent to.
A massive, coordinated attack on jews throughout the german reich on the night of november 9, 1938, into the next day, has come to be known as kristallnacht or the night of broken glass. Kristallnacht, or night of broken glass, is a night when jewish shops were looted, synagogue windows were shattered, homes were burned, and jews were murdered. For hugo moses, a former bank official, the behaviour of the drunken mob of stormtroopers who broke into his apartment on the night of 9 november, overturning his furniture and smashing his ornaments and pictures, while an ss man held a loaded revolver to his head. Kristallnacht, the nazis night of broken glass november 9, 2012 5. German police dragged some 3,000 polish jews from their homes and put them onto trains destined for the germanpolish border. They were part of the accumulation towards the holocaust and world war ii. She studied sociology, philosophy and history at the universities of frankfurt am main and berlin. Kristallnacht, the night of november 910, 1938, when german nazis attacked jewish persons and property. Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass, was supposedly a spontaneous outburst on the part of patriotic germans following the assassination of a german embassy official in paris by a 17 year old polish jew. What the press say factual, well documented and brilliant, martin gilberts book on crystal night is a poignant lesson.
Kristallnacht was a turning point in the history of the third reich, marking the shift. Kristallnacht so you want to write a holocaust book. Kristall translates to crystal and refers to the look of broken glass and nacht means night. Nov, 20 kristallnacht is a german word that consists of two parts. For one horrific night in november 1938, the streets of germany and austria were overrun with people bent on destruction. It is also known as novemberpogrome, reichskristallnacht, reichspogromnacht or pogromnacht in german.
Hundreds of synagogues were burned to the ground, and more than 100 jews were killed. The kristallnacht pogrom, 910 november 1938 it came from. Mar 09, 2016 a stylized intertwining of the stories of three survivors who experienced firsthand the horrific events of november 910th, 1938 in nazi germany. Support your answer, including any inferences you make, with textual evidence. The night of broken glass is a collection of contemporaneous reports gathered in the late 1930s for a research project being done at harvard university. Kristallnacht is literally translated to night of crystal and refers to the night of broken glass.
A short film summarizing the events on november 9, 1938 where, throughout germany a large number of jewish synagogues, business establishments and homes were damaged or. On the night of november 9, 1938, violence against jews broke out across the reich. The night of broken glass a jewish refugees assassination of a german official in paris in 1938 sparked the german attack on jews known as kristallnacht wed 9 sep 2009 07. A stylized intertwining of the stories of three survivors who experienced firsthand the horrific events of november 910th, 1938 in nazi germany.
As historians deborah dwork and robert jan van pelt have observed about kristallnacht, the pogrom of 9 november 1938 was the end of the. Night of the broken glass kristallnacht germany was trying to return 50,000 or so polish jews in germany to poland. The german authorities looked on without intervening. The germans saw this as the perfect time to terrorize the jews. Kristallnacht literally crystal night or the night of broken glass was an antijewish pogrom in nazi germany including austria and sudetenland from the 9th until the 10th of november 1938. An estimated 400 jews lost their lives in the antisemitic. Kristallnacht or the night of broken glass, also called the november pogroms, was a pogrom against jews carried out by sa paramilitary forces and civilians. Kristallnacht is a german word that consists of two parts. The nazis came to call the event kristallnacht crystal night, or, the night of broken glass, referring to the thousands of shattered windows that littered the streets afterwards, but the euphemism does not convey the full brutality of the event. The violence continued during the day of november 10, and in some places acts of violence continued for several more days. Orchestrated by the nazis in retaliation for the assassination of a german embassy official in paris by a seventeenyear. Night of broken glass on november 9, 1938, the nazi party officials and the sa, instigated the night now referred to as kristallnacht. Orchestrated by the nazis in retaliation for the assassination of a german embassy official in paris by a seventeenyearold jewish youth named herchel grynzspan, 1,400.
It appeared to be unplanned, set off by germans anger over the assassination of a german official in paris at the hands of a jewish teenager. On november 9, 1938, the nazi party officials and the sa, instigated the night now referred to as kristallnacht. Kristallnacht was the prelude to the destruction of a whole people, and an indication of what happens when a society falls victim to its baser instincts. The united states national holocaust memorial museum notes that kristallnacht owes its name to the shards of shattered glass that lined german streets in the wake of the pogrombroken glass from the windows of. The night of broken glass the holocaust encyclopedia.
Before, the jews were simply assaulted and verbally abused. The name, of course, is german for night of broken glass, and refers to the windows of synagogues and other jewishowned property around germany that were smashed during an orgy of violence unleashed against the countrys jews in 1938. If you are the publisher or author of this book and feel that the. Kristallnacht, which translates literally to night of crystal, is often referred to as the night of broken glass. The name refers ironically to the litter of broken.
This dark event came to be called kristallnacht the night of broken glass. Kristallnacht the night of the broken glass was a pogrom against the jews of germany in which synagogues were destroyed, jews were killed, injured, and sent to concentration camps. Prelude to destruction describes the events surrounding this signal event, including what led to the shooting of the german diplomat, what transpired during the night of broken glass, and the aftermath of that officially sanctioned lawlessness. This was called kristallnacht, the night of broken glass, because the streets were covered with broken glass from all the jewish windows. The night of broken glass was a wave of violent antijewish attack that resulted in shattered glass from jewishowned homes, synagogues, and businesses lining the streets of germany. Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass on 9 november 1938, was the most brutal attack on germanys. Kristallnacht the night of the broken glass igniting the nazi war against jews.
The night of broken glass edited by uta gerhardt and. On the night of november 9, 1938, the nazis unleashed a wave of orchestrated attacks against jews in germany and austria. On november 9, 1938, kristallnacht night of broken glass, jewish stores and homes across germany are attacked. Crystal night, also called night of broken glass or november pogroms, the night of november 910, 1938, when german nazis attacked jewish persons and property. In the space of a few hours, thousands of synagogues and jewish businesses and homes were damaged or destroyed. Between november 9 and 10, 1938, the pogrom now known as kristallnacht resulted in the destruction of over 7,500 jewish businesses, 1,000 synagogues, and any sense of security jewish. Parallel journeys questions and answers the question and answer sections of our study guides are a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss literature.
However, on the night of november 9, 1938, an unplanned and extremely violent. Kristallnacht was not, however, one night of broken glass, but three days of broken glass. Germany did not produce plate glass at the time, and it took belgiums total plate glass production six months to replace all the broken windows. The unprecedented pogrom of november 910, 1938 in germany has passed into history as kristallnacht night of broken glass. Then, read up on the nazi experiments of infamous concentration camp doctor josef mengele. The reports were firsthand accounts of survivors of kristallnacht in november, 1938 and detailed their experiences during the pogrom and their emigrations from germany and austria.
In the immediate aftermath of kristallnacht, the streets of jewish communities were littered with broken glass from vandalized buildings, giving rise to the name night of broken glass. Kristallnachtthe night of broken glass essay example. The night of broken glass is a new book in the snapshots in history series from compass point. The entire story is told from the point of view of a cat named benno, who lives happily on rosenstrasse in berlin, making the rounds from shop to shop and apartment to apartment, visiting both jewish and nonjewish families, all of whom love him. November 910 marks the 80th anniversary of the event commonly known as kristallnacht. The fate of the jews 19331939, provides an analysis of this. The start of the kristallnacht was the turning point of jewish suffering. The name kristallnacht refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left in the streets after these pogroms. With rare insight and acumen, martin gilbert, one of the leading historians of our time, examines kristallnacht the night of broken glass and describes how the rest of the world reacted in its wake. Assess the significance of kristallnacht kristallnacht, or the night of broken glass, is one of the most crucial events in german, jewish, and world history. Highlight key details and descriptive language from the text to support your ideas. The kristallnacht pogrom, 910 november 1938 it came. Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass my jewish learning.
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